Masonry Magazine January 1979 Page. 21

Masonry Magazine January 1979 Page. 21

Masonry Magazine January 1979 Page. 21


ELASTIC JOINT SEALANT
BOND BREAK MATERIAL
PREMOLDED COMPRESSIBLE
FILLER
BRICK SHEAR KEY
Expansion Joints at T-Section of
Solid and Cavity Walls

PREFABRICATED
JOINT REINFORCEMENT
ABOUT 2-0 (0.61 m)
FROM JUNCTION ON EACH SIDE
ELASTIC JOINT SEALANT AND
PREMOLDED COMPRESSIBLE
FILLER
BRICK SHEAR KEY
SURROUNDED BY CONTINUOUS
BOND BREAK MATERIAL
Expansion Joints at T-Junction of Cavity Walls
METAL TIES @ 16" (406 mm) O.C.
VERTICALLY
ELASTIC JOINT SEALANT
AND PREMOLDED COMPRESSIBLE
FILLER
CONTINUOUS SINGLE BAR OR WIRE
REINFORCEMENT ABOUT 4-0 (1.22 m)
AROUND CORNERS EACH WYTHE
@ 16" (406 mm) O.C. VERTICALLY
Expansion Joint at Offset
Plain Views
FIG. 13
on the left illustrates a method using solid units in both
wythes. The detail on the right may be used with ver-
tical cell back-up units. Anchor bolts are grouted into
the hollow cells to provide positive anchorage. Regard-
less of the method, anchor bolts holding roof plates
should extend into the masonry a minimum of 16 in.
(406 mm), normally about six standard size brick
courses. After the wood plate is installed, the nut
should be hand-tightened.




When masonry walls are used to enclose skeleton-frame structures, care must be taken to anchor the masonry walls to the skeleton frame in a manner which will permit each to move relative to the other. Skeleton frames are more flexible than brick walls and will undergo greater deflections under load. The frame and enclosing wall differ in their reaction to moisture and in the magnitude of their thermal movement.

Where anchors tie walls to the structural frame to provide lateral support, they should be flexible, resisting tension and compression, but not shear. This flexibility permits differential movements between the frame and the wall without cracking or distress. Figures 6 through 11 show typical methods for anchoring masonry walls to columns and beams with corrosion-resistant metal ties. These anchorage methods will permit both horizontal and vertical differential movements.


MOVEMENT JOINTS


# Vertical Expansion Joints

No single recommendation for the positioning and spacing of vertical expansion joints can be applicable to all structures. Each building must be analyzed to determine the potential horizontal movements, and provisions must be made to relieve excessive stress which might be expected to result from such movement. The extent to which precautions should be taken to prevent brick masonry from cracking will depend upon the exposure, character, and intended use of the structure. In some instances, it may be economically desirable to provide less than maximum protection as a calculated risk. See Technical Notes 18A for more specific suggestions.

One additional consideration of extreme importance is the distinction between control joints and expansion joints. Control joints are placed in concrete or concrete masonry walls, along with suitable joint reinforcement, to control cracking by reducing restraint and accommodating wall movement from shrinkage due to initial drying. Shrinkage due to drying is not found in clay masonry construction. This becomes obvious when one considers the clay units, which comprise 70% or more of the total volume of a solid brick masonry wall, are manufactured by a firing process which drives off all moisture. As a result, control joints are not necessary to brick masonry walls. Expansion joints are placed to accommodate the movement of brick masonry walls due to change in temperature and moisture. Concrete masonry walls also experience expansion due to changes in temperature and moisture, but they experience their shrinkage due to initial drying first, then the control joints act in both contraction and expansion. Further information regarding expansion joints can be found in Technical Notes 18A.

Typical details of expansion joints and their locations are shown in Figs. 12 and 13.


Masonry Magazine December 2012 Page. 45
December 2012

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Masonry Magazine December 2012 Page. 46
December 2012

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Masonry Magazine December 2012 Page. 47
December 2012

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Masonry Magazine December 2012 Page. 48
December 2012

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