Masonry Magazine December 1995 Page. 30
Eleventh Edition of the Masonry Industry's Best Seller...
RECOMMENDED PRACTICES & GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS FOR COLD WEATHER MASONRY CONSTRUCTION
MORE THAN 200,000 copies of the highly acclaimed manual, "Recommended Practices and Guide Specifications for Cold Weather Masonry Construction," are now in print... This definitive work, produced by the International Masonry Industry All-Weather Council, contains the result of industry-wide research into all weather construction techniques involving masonry... Intended for mason contractors, architects, engineers, owners and other users of masonry products, the manual includes specific recommendations for durable masonry, regardless of the cold weather conditions that prevail during construction.
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30 MASONRY-NOVEMBER/DECEMBER, 1995
combined mortar ingredients in the silo have been explored but remain a concern.
During cold weather and dependent on the ambient temperature, materials will have to be heated to produce mortar within the proper temperature range. Heated water is most effective in raising mortar temperature. For safety reasons, water should not be heated above 140°F. Heated sand then become the second option available to produce mortar in the desired temperature range. Sand should be heated, while avoiding scorching the sand.
Since most sands used for masonry construction are siliceous, the reduction of limestone to quicklime is a caution solely applicable to manufactured sands.
During hot weather maintaining the mortar temperature may be required. Sand in stockpiles should be maintained moist. Chilled water can be required. Evaporative cooling of sand in a stockpile is only partially effective. Adjusting the workday toward earlier arrivals and departures avoids the hot portion of the day. Avoid calculating the expected mortar temperature basing the calculations on temperature and specific heat characteristics of individual masonry mortar materials. The temperature of the mixer will significantly influence the temperature of the mixture. The mixer will act as a cold or heat sink. Thus serious consideration should be directed toward maintaining the mixer well below prevailing temperature.
Scaffolding-Access to Working Face
Dependent on the masonry project, several options are available for masonry construction. A specific project can allow overhand construction, with minimal scaffolding provided on concrete slab or floors. Movable scaffolding platforms rising full structure height require installation on the exterior. Construction may involve laying the exterior wythe singly or through-the-wall construction. Consideration also must be directed toward masonry accessories and joint reinforcement type.
During inclement cold weather expedited closure of the structure by erecting the inner wythe as rapidly as possible can be beneficial, especially to other trades. Awaiting more favorable weather for the construction of the exterior wythe then is sensible. The type of joint reinforcement and masonry tie used should consider the fact that three or four wire joint reinforcement should be replaced with two wire reinforcement in the inner wythe and adjustable masonry ties and a single or double wire joint reinforcement be included in the exterior wythe. This procedure avoids bending joint reinforcement upward during laying the course immediately below the reinforcement.
Several systems are available for cold weather enclosure of scaffolding. Single stage scaffolding can be effectively sealed at its outer perimeter using reinforced or non-reinforced plastic membrane. The enclosure thus becomes a windbreak and a containment for auxiliary heat. Swinging stage and climbing scaffolding allows concentrating the work area and windbreak or heated enclosure to the work location.
Shades or mesh attached to a climbing scaffold platform are equally partially effective. Avoidance of con-