Masonry Magazine September 2011 Page. 37
5
Test 11 AC106
1/2x4(x4)
Hnom = 2'4"
Min. Spacing 2
Tension Ancher
Four-anchor tension test showing failure mode for shallow enbedment
Connections between elements are important in applications like roof supports, ledgers, equipment attachments, racking stabilization and piping supports. These attachments can be accomplished by one or more of three main methods: embedment, cast-in-place anchorage, or post-installed anchorage.
In the embedment method, the element is placed within the masonry wall. This is the case in which a beam rests in the wall, and the wall is constructed around the beam. Another example is the placement of a channel or strut in the construction of the wall.
Cast-in-place anchorage is accomplished by placing a "headed bolt," "j-bolt," or other type of bolt in the masonry before the grouting process. This attachment method requires the contractor know the location of the anchor and is able to place it accurately in that location.
Post-installed anchors require the drilling of a hole in the masonry, but provide flexibility in location after the masonry structure is constructed. Currently, post-installed anchors can be categorized into three main groups: chemical or adhesive, expansion, or screw type.
Chemical or adhesive anchors rely on the bonding of the adhesive material to the masonry. These anchors come in several different types of chemical compounds, including epoxies, ester based resins, acrylates, etc. They contain a resin material and a hardening agent. Typically, they include a mixing mechanism that combines the two parts as the material is placed in the drilled hole. A variety of steel elements may be installed into the masonry with adhesives, including threaded rod and rebar.
Screw anchors cut the masonry as they are installed into a predrilled hole that is smaller than the thread diameter, and Post-installed anchors require the drilling of a hole in the masonry, but provide flexibility in location after the masonry structure is constructed.
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READER SERVICE #163
September 2011
MASONRY 35