Masonry Magazine October 1980 Page. 16
WIRE TIE
STEEL CHANNEL
DOVETAIL ANCHOR
MINIMUM 1"(25mm)
AIRSPACE
BUILDING PAPER
(OPTIONAL)
RIGID
SHEATHING
SELF-TAPPING
CORROSION-RESISTANT
METAL SCREWS
CONCRETE FLOOR
SLAB
FLASHING
BRICK VENEER
WEEP HOLES
STEEL ANGLE
SEALANT
CONCRETE
METAL STUDS
INSULATION
RIGID WALLBOARD
MINIMUM 125 mm)
AIRSPACE
RIGID SHEATHING
LINTEL
RIGID
SHEATHING
INSULATION
RIGID
WALLBOARD
HEAD
MINIMUM 1"(25 mm)
AIRSPACE
BUILDING PAPER
(OPTIONAL)
WIRE TIE
BRICK VENEER
FLEXIBLE ANCHOR
RIGID
WALLBOARD
INSULATION
RIGID
SHEATHING
WIRE TIE
BUILDING PAPER
(OPTIONAL)
SEALANT
JAMB
SELF-TAPPING
CORROSION-RESISTANT
METAL SCREW
METAL STUDS
RIGID
WALLBOARD
METAL
WINDOW
ANCHOR WELDED
TO BEAM
WIRE TIE
STEEL
METAL STUDS
SELF-TAPPING
CORROSION-RESISTANT
METAL SCREW
SEALANT
BRICK SILL
WEEP HOLES
FLASHING
WIRE TIE
SILL
STOOL
METAL STUDS
SELF-TAPPING
CORROSION-RESISTANT
METAL SCREW
Attachment of Brick Veneer to
Structural Frame
FIG. 4
Typical Lintel, Jamb, and Sill Details
FIG. 5
STRUCTURAL ADEQUACY
# General
Lateral Loading. All lateral loading, such as wind loads, must be initially resisted by the exterior wall system, and then transferred to the building frame and eventually, to the foundation. To satisfactorily accomplish this, several things must be considered.
Load Distribution-The brick veneer must be connected to the backup with metal ties, in sufficient number and of sufficient stiffness that under lateral loading the system deflects equally. Since the deflections of both the veneer and the backup must be equal, the load will be distributed in accordance with their relative stiffnesses. This becomes crucial when it is considered that the brick veneer is a relatively rigid and brittle material compared to the much more flexible and elastic metal stud backup.
Deflection Considerations To achieve a satisfactory distribution of loads, the differences in the moduli of the brick veneer and metal stud backup must be taken into account. This must be done by limiting the allowable lateral deflection of the system. Most metal stud design tables in use today are based on a maximum deflections and/or rotations which may induce high concentrated stresses in the masonry. The shelf angles should be made of structural steel and properly sized and anchored to carry the imposed loads so that total deflections and rotations are less than 16 in. (1.6 mm). For severe climates and exposures, considerations should be given to the use of galvanized or stainless steel shelf angles. Even where galvanized or stainless steel shelf angles are used, continuous flashing should be installed to cover the angle. Regardless of the type, shelf angles should not be installed as one continuous member. A space should be provided at intervals to allow thermal expansion and contraction to occur without causing distress to the wall.
Windows. The proper framing and attachment of windows can prove to be an extremely difficult problem if the differences in the movement between the brick veneer and the frame or backup are not taken into account. The window can be attached either to the brick veneer, or to the backup system, but should not be attached rigidly to both, see Fig. 5.
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